THE RELATIONSHIP OF INTERLEUKIN-6 LEVELS AND THE DEGREE OF MYOPIA IN YOUNG ADULTS IN NORTH SUMATRA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Article Sidebar
-
Myopia, Degree of Myopia, Interleukin-6, Inflammation
Abstract
Background.
Myopia is one of the refractive errors where parallel light from infinity is focused in front of the retina without accommodation. Various cytokines have been implicated in the development of myopia, including interleukin-6 (IL6) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). IL-6 is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a role in ocular disease pathology. Chronic subclinical inflammation may play a role in elongation of the eyeball, inflammation promotes the breakdown of the scleral extracellular matrix and results in axial elongation.
Objective.
To determine the relationship of interleukin-6 levels and the degree of myopia in young adults in North Sumatra University Hospital.
Methods.
This research is an analytic observational study with a case control design, held from February 2022. Primary and secondary data are collected from interviews and direct observation. Bivariate analysis of differences in interleukin-6 levels in myopia and emmetropia uses T-independent test, if the data are normally distributed. If the data are not normally distributed, then the Mann Whitney test is used. Bivariate analysis to analyze differences in interleukin-6 levels based on the degree of myopia uses the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by a post hoc test using the Mann Whitney test and t-independent.
Results.
A total sample consists of 30 patients who suffer from myopia and 30 control samples. The mean age in the myopia group was 28.87 years with the youngest age being 25 years and oldest age 34 years. Most of them are moderate myopia with 15 people (50%). There was no significant difference in interleukin-6 levels between myopia and control groups (p = 0.147). There was a difference in the mean level of interleukin-6 based on the degree of myopia (p = 0.005).
Conclusions.
There is an association between interleukin-6 levels and the degree of myopia in young adult patients. No differences in interleukin-6 levels were found significant between myopia and control groups.
Full text article
References
Ashan, H., Apriani, Z., & Triola, S. (2021). Characteristics of Myopic Patients as a Guide for General Public at Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Rahmah Padang in 2021.
Coviltir, V. et al. (2019). Update on Myopia Risk Factors and Microenvironmental Changes. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2019.
Febriany, Y., Arimadyo, K., & Dhanardhono, T. (2015). Faktor Risiko Miopia Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro Angkatan 2011-2014. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 4(4), 1702–13.
Goss, D. A., Grosvenor, T. P., & Kelle, J. T. (1997). Optometric Clinical Practice Guideline. Care of the Patient with Myopia. American Optometric Association, 11.
Holden, B. A. et al. (2016). Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology, 123(5), 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006.
Hu, Y. et al. (2019). Longitudinal Changes in Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error among Children with Preschool Myopia. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 60(1), 154–60.
Lestari, T. T., Anggunan, A., Triwahyuni, T., & Syuhada, R. (2020). Studi Faktor Risiko Kelainan Miopia Di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(1), 305-312.
Li, T., Jiang, B., & Zhou, X. (2020). Age-Related Change of Axial Length, Spherical Equivalent, and Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia in SchoolAge Children in Shanghai: 2014-2018. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2020.
Nugroho, A. et al. (2020). Progression of Myopia among Medical Students: A One-Year Cohort Study. Journal of Community Empowerment for Health, 3(1), 28.
Primadiani, I. S. & Rahmi, F. L. (2017). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Progresivitas Miopia Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran. Diponegoro Medical Journal (Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro), 6(4), 1505–17.
Said, E. A., Al-Reesi, I., Al-Shizawi, N., Jaju, S., Al-Balushi, M. S., Koh, C. Y., ... & Jeyaseelan, L. (2021). Defining IL-6 levels in healthy individuals: A metaanalysis. Journal of Medical Virology, 93(6), 39153924.
Shinojima, A., Negishi, K., Tsubota, K., & Kurihara, T. (2022). Multiple Factors Causing Myopia and the Possible Treatments: A Mini Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1- 6.
Yuan, J. et al. (2019). Inflammatory Cytokines in Highly Myopic Eyes. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–9.
Zahir-Jouzdani, F., Atyabi, F., & Mojtabavi, N. (2017). Interleukin-6 Participation in Pathology of Ocular Diseases. Pathophysiology, 24(3), 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.05.00.
Zhao, F. et al. (2020). Up-Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 by Scleral Monocyte– Derived Macrophages Contributes to Myopia Development. American Journal of Pathology, 190(9), 1888–1908.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2023 Salman Saisar Hidayat, Aryani Atiyatul Amra, Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.