EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RHO KINASE INHIBITOR EYEDROPS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND OCULAR HYPERTENSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Article Sidebar
-
Rho Kinase Inhibitors, Ripasudil, Netarsudil, Fixed Combination of Netarsudil Latanoprost, IOP, Adverse Events
Abstract
Introduction: Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven method to treat glaucoma. Studies on aqueous humor dynamics have contributed to our understanding of aqueous outflow mechanisms that have led to the discovery of new drugs from Rho Kinase Inhibitors (RKI).
Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RKI for treating open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).
Methods: Literature searching was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. Search terms included: “Open Angle Glaucoma”, “Ocular Hypertension”, and “Rho Kinase Inhibitors”, which provides for Netarsudil (AR-13530), Ripasudil (K-115)" or any relevant synonym. Validity was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Efficacy was evaluated by reported mean change IOP from baseline. Safety was assessed by adverse events experienced during the treatment course.
Results: Eight randomized clinical trial studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria (four studies using Netarsudil 0.02% and four using FCNL as the primary treatment). IOP reduction from Netarsudil 0.02% was not inferior to Timolol 0.5%. Meanwhile, IOP reduction from FCNL class was statistically superior to its active component alone. The most common adverse events of Netarsudil 0.02% and FCNL were conjunctival hyperemia, cornea verticillate, and conjunctival hemorrhage. FCNL showed additional adverse events of site hyperemia and pain.
Conclusion: Netarsudil 0.02% and FCNL can be reliable IOP control medications. The adverse events were tolerable.
Full text article
References
Girkin CA, Bhorade AM, Giaconi JA, Medeiros FA, Sit AJ, Tanna AP et al. Glaucoma. Glaucoma. San Francisco: American Academic of Ophthalmology; 2019. 3–4 p.
Situasi glaukoma di indonesia. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2019;1–11.
Mehran NA, Sinha S, Rzeghinejad R. New glaucoma medications: latanoprostene bunod, netarsudil ,and fixed combination netarsudil-latanoprost. Eye. 2019;34:72–88.
Wisely CE, Sheng H, Heah T, Kim T. Effects of netarsudil and latanoprost alone and in fixed combination on corneal endothelium and corneal thickness: post-hoc analysis of MERCURY-2. Adv Ther. 2020;37:1114–23.
Lu LJ, Tsai JC, Liu J. Novel pharmacologic candidates for treatment of primary open angle glaucoma. Yale J Biol Med. 2017;90:111–8.
Schehlein EM, Robin AL. Rho-associated kinase inhibitors: evolving strategies in glaucoma treatment. Drugs. 2019;79:1031–6.
Tanna AP, Johnson M. Rho kinase inhibitors as a novel treatment for glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:1741–56.
Vasantha P, Pattabiraman PP, Kopczynski C. Role of the rho GTPase / rho kinase signaling pathway in pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma: bench to bedside research. Exp Eye Res. 2016;158:23–32.
Khouri AS, Serle JB, Bacharach J, Usner DW, Lewis RA, Braswell P, et al. Once-Daily netarsudil versus twice-daily timolol in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: the randomized phase 3 ROCKET-4 study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;97–104.
Serle JB, Katz LJ, Mclaurin E, Heah T, Ramirez-davis N, Usner DW, et al. Two phase 3 clinical trials comparing the safety and efficacy of netarsudil to timolol in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;1–34.
Kahook, MYSerle JB, Mah FS, Kim T, Raizman MB, Heah T, Ramirez-davis N, et al. Long-term safety and ocular hypotensive efficacy evaluation of netarsudil ophthalmic solution: rho kinase elevated IOP treatment trial (ROCKET-2). Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;200:130–7.
Lewis RA, Levy B, Ramirez N, Kopczynski CC, Usner DW, Novack GD, et al. Fixed-dose combination of AR-13324 and latanoprost: a double-masked, 28-day, randomised, controlled study in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100:339–44.
Asrani S, Robin AL, Serle JB, Lewis RA, Usner DW, Kopczynski CC, et al. Netarsudil/latanoprost fixed-dose combination for elevated intraocular pressure: three-month data from a randomized phase 3 trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;207:248–57.
Brubaker JW, Teymoorian S, Lewis RA, Usner D, Mckee HJ, Ramirez N, et al. One Year of netarsudil and latanoprost fixed-dose combination for elevated intraocular pressure. Am Acad Ophthalmol. 2020;3:327–38.
Tanihara H, Inoue T, Yamamoto T, Kuwayama Y, Abe H, Fukushima A, et al. One-year clinical evaluation of 0.4% ripadusil ( K-115 ) in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016;26–34.
Bacharach J, Dubiner HB, Levy B, Kopczynski CC, Novack GD, Group A--cs S. Double-masked, randomized, dose-response study of AR-13324 versus latanoprost in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Ophthalmology. 2015;122:302–7.
Lu LJ, Tsai JC, Liu J. Novel pharmacologic candidates for treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. Yale J Biol Med. 2017;90:111–8.
Walters TR, Ahmed IIK, Lewis RA, Usner DW, Lopez J, Kopczynski CC, et al. Once-daily netarsudil / latanoprost fixed- dose combination for elevated intraocular pressure in the randomized phase 3 MERCURY-2 study. Am Acad Ophthalmol. 2019;126:1599–603.
Gaasterland DE, Ederer F, Beck A, Costarides A, Leef D, Closek J, et al. The advanced glaucoma intervention study (AGIS): 7. the relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:429–40.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2023 Sahar Salim Saleh Alatas, Astrianda Nadya Suryono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
